Hovering the cursor over the trade route displays how much wealth it is bringing in, to which particular factions. In order for a sea trade route to be established, a Trading Port must be constructed in turn, the port must have road access to the faction capital. Trade routes can be establish on land or by sea. This income will be spent to develop your empire, recruit new armies and fleets, maintaining your troops and keeping your population under control.
Income sources in E:TW are comprised of Taxes, Trade, King’s Purse, Protectorate tribute, from treaties with other nations and raiding. How do you make money in Empire: Total War?